1797 TUMOR SIZE IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE RATE OF SYNCHRONOUS METASTASES IN PATIENTS WITH SMALL RENAL CELL TUMORS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
You have accessJournal of UrologyKidney Cancer: Advanced II1 Apr 20101797 TUMOR SIZE IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE RATE OF SYNCHRONOUS METASTASES IN PATIENTS WITH SMALL RENAL CELL TUMORS Giovanni Lughezzani, Claudio Jeldres, Lars Budäus, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Maxine Sun, Daniel Liberman, Rodolphe Thuret, Philippe Arjane, Hugues Widmer, Markus Graefen, Paul Perrotte, Francesco Montorsi, and Pierre I. Karakiewicz Giovanni LughezzaniGiovanni Lughezzani Milano, Italy More articles by this author , Claudio JeldresClaudio Jeldres Montreal, Canada More articles by this author , Lars BudäusLars Budäus Hamburg, Germany More articles by this author , Shahrokh F. ShariatShahrokh F. Shariat Montreal, Canada More articles by this author , Maxine SunMaxine Sun Montreal, Canada More articles by this author , Daniel LibermanDaniel Liberman Montreal, Canada More articles by this author , Rodolphe ThuretRodolphe Thuret Montpellier, France More articles by this author , Philippe ArjanePhilippe Arjane Montreal, Canada More articles by this author , Hugues WidmerHugues Widmer Montreal, Canada More articles by this author , Markus GraefenMarkus Graefen Hamburg, Germany More articles by this author , Paul PerrottePaul Perrotte Montreal, Canada More articles by this author , Francesco MontorsiFrancesco Montorsi Milano, Italy More articles by this author , and Pierre I. KarakiewiczPierre I. Karakiewicz Montreal, Canada More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2010.02.1721AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Small renal masses between 1.1 and 4.0 cm can be visualized and confirmed histologically with a high degree of certainty. We examined the rate of synchronous metastases (SM) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) 1.1 to 4.0 cm in size within a large population-based tumor registry. METHODS We tested the relationship between tumor size and SM in a population of 27780 patients with small renal masses diagnosed and/or treated with nephrectomy for histologically-proven RCC within 17 SEER registries between 1988 and 2006. Cubic spline analyses and logistic regression models were used to test this relationship after adjusting for other covariables, such as age, gender, race, RCC histological subtype and year of diagnosis. RESULTS Within the study population the rate of SM was 4.5%. Stratification according to 1 cm tumor size intervals revealed that the SM rate increased with increasing tumor size: 1.1-2.0 cm: 3.1%; 2.1-3.0 cm: 4.0%; 3.1-4.0 cm: 5.7% (chi-square trend; p<0.001). Cubic spline analysis showed that rate of SM is starts to increase exponentially when tumor size exceeds 2.5 centimeters. Continuously coded tumor size represented an independent predictor of SM in multivariate regression models (OR: 1.04; p<0.001). When tumor size was divided into 1 cm intervals, patients with 2.1-3.0 and with 3.1-4.0 cm RCCs had respectively a 1.2- and a 1.7-fold higher risk of harboring SM (p<0.05). Finally, advanced age (p<0.001), male gender (p<0.001), African-American race (p=0.03) and more contemporary year of diagnosis (p=0.02) also represented independent predictors of SM. CONCLUSIONS Tumor size is related to SM rate even in patients with small (1.1 to 4.0) RCCs. The rate of SM increases exponentially when tumor size exceeds 2.5 cm. Conversely, no differences in metastatic rates were observed below this threshold. © 2010 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 183Issue 4SApril 2010Page: e697 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2010 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Giovanni Lughezzani Milano, Italy More articles by this author Claudio Jeldres Montreal, Canada More articles by this author Lars Budäus Hamburg, Germany More articles by this author Shahrokh F. Shariat Montreal, Canada More articles by this author Maxine Sun Montreal, Canada More articles by this author Daniel Liberman Montreal, Canada More articles by this author Rodolphe Thuret Montpellier, France More articles by this author Philippe Arjane Montreal, Canada More articles by this author Hugues Widmer Montreal, Canada More articles by this author Markus Graefen Hamburg, Germany More articles by this author Paul Perrotte Montreal, Canada More articles by this author Francesco Montorsi Milano, Italy More articles by this author Pierre I. Karakiewicz Montreal, Canada More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".