Cultural Images: Reflection of Political Power in the Maps of Chinese Administrative Gazetteers of the Song Dynasty (960–1279 CE)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In both Chinese studies and the history of cartography, maps in the gazetteers of the Song dynasty (960–1279 CE) have rarely been explored. A recent approach to studying early maps has been directed to relationships among culture, society, and cartography. This article discusses how political power is reflected in the maps in the existing Chinese administrative gazetteers of the Song dynasty. An overview of the study's history is given, followed by an introduction to the maps in Song administrative gazetteers. The analysis then focuses on how political power influenced map production and how political power was emphasized in the gazetteer maps. The result of the examination shows that political power controlled the production process of many gazetteers. Using the techniques of map selection, cartographic design, and symbolization, the emperor's power and state territory were clearly emphasized on these maps. This article supports the general notion that maps are not simply cartographic representations of the spatial world but can also be viewed as cultural images that reflect the societies in which they are produced.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".