Urea Ammonium Nitrate as the Carrier for Herbicides in Winter Wheat
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Urea ammonium nitrogen can be used as a carrier for herbicides to provide growers with an option for the control of broadleaf weeds and spraying nitrogen fertilizer in one pass in winter wheat. Field studies (six in total) were seeded in the autumn of 2005, 2006 and 2007 at Exeter and Ridgetown, Ontario, Canada to determine if UAN can be used as a carrier for bromoxynil/MCPA, dichlorprop/2,4-D, dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop, or thifensulfuron/tribenuron applied postemergence (POST) at three application timings (approximately April 20, May 1 and May 10) in winter wheat. Winter wheat injury was as much as 4%, 5%, 4% and 5% for bromoxynil/MCPA, dichloroprop/2,4-D, dicamba/MCPA/ mecoprop or thifensulfuron/tribenuron, respectively. There was minimal visible winter wheat injury with treatments evaluated at 4 and 9 week after treatment. There was no significant reduction in winter wheat height or yield with herbicides evaluated at various application timings except for dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop treatment which reduced height 3% and yield 25% at May 10 compared with April 20 application timing. Herbicides carrier had no effect on winter wheat height or yield with evaluated herbicides. Based on this research there is potential for co-application of UAN and bromoxynil/MCPA, dichlorprop/2,4-D, dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop, or thifensulfuron/tribenuron applied (POST) early in the spring in winter wheat.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".