Urea Ammonium Nitrate as the Carrier for Herbicides in Winter Wheat
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Urea ammonium nitrogen can be used as a carrier for herbicides to provide growers with an option for the control of broadleaf weeds and spraying nitrogen fertilizer in one pass in winter wheat. Field studies (six in total) were seeded in the autumn of 2005, 2006 and 2007 at Exeter and Ridgetown, Ontario, Canada to determine if UAN can be used as a carrier for bromoxynil/MCPA, dichlorprop/2,4-D, dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop, or thifensulfuron/tribenuron applied postemergence (POST) at three application timings (approximately April 20, May 1 and May 10) in winter wheat. Winter wheat injury was as much as 4%, 5%, 4% and 5% for bromoxynil/MCPA, dichloroprop/2,4-D, dicamba/MCPA/ mecoprop or thifensulfuron/tribenuron, respectively. There was minimal visible winter wheat injury with treatments evaluated at 4 and 9 week after treatment. There was no significant reduction in winter wheat height or yield with herbicides evaluated at various application timings except for dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop treatment which reduced height 3% and yield 25% at May 10 compared with April 20 application timing. Herbicides carrier had no effect on winter wheat height or yield with evaluated herbicides. Based on this research there is potential for co-application of UAN and bromoxynil/MCPA, dichlorprop/2,4-D, dicamba/MCPA/mecoprop, or thifensulfuron/tribenuron applied (POST) early in the spring in winter wheat.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".