Cavitation‐induced rupture in high‐density polyethylene copolymers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Using cylindrical specimens with short gauge length, bulk cavitation is successfully generated in high‐density polyethylene copolymers (HDPE) under tensile loading. The bulk cavitation is generated without the presence of sharp notch, and therefore, crack growth is not involved in the rupture process. The bulk cavitation is investigated in two types of HDPE that have different molecular characteristics. Test results indicate that bulk cavitation can be introduced in both the types of HDPE, for which the loading level is most easily identified using plots of true axial stress versus stroke. The main difference in the rupture process occurs during the postcavitation stretch. Using specimens of sufficiently long gauge length, constitutive equations for the HDPEs are determined and applied to finite element modeling of specimens with short gauge length. The results show that the hydrostatic stress level in specimens of short gauge length is about twice as high as that in specimens of long gauge length, supporting the conclusion on bulk cavitation from rubber testing. For HDPE, this study shows that the rise of hydrostatic stress level leads to the suppression of necking, to allow the bulk cavitation to dominate the deformation process. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".