Government Approaches to Child Neglect and Mistreatment in Nineteenth-century Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
En 1893, l'Ontario a mis sur pied son premier système complet de protection de l'enfance. La notion de négligence et la présomption de responsabilité sociale et gouvernementale à l'endroit des enfants défavorisés n'étaient toutefois pas nouvelles, ayant évolué durant le premier siècle d'existence de l'Ontario. En 1874, la législation donnait une description claire et précise de ce qu'était un enfant ayant besoin de protection et un parent déficient et prévoyait : un processus permettant de soustraire les enfants à leurs parents et l'autorité de refuser de les leur rendre; un nouveau type d'établissements pour s'occuper de ces enfants; des subventions gouvernementales systématiques pour les foyers pour enfants et l'obligation de ces maisons de rendre des comptes à l'État; et un processus de constitution en personne morale plus simple permettant aux oeuvres de bienfaisance d'exercer sur les enfants à leur charge l'autorité dont elles avaient besoin. On ancrait ainsi le système de protection de l'enfance de l'Ontario à de solides assisses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.023 | 0.018 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".