Flat-plate single-crystal silicon sample holders for neutron powder diffraction studies of highly absorbing gadolinium compounds
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The extreme absorption cross section of natural gadolinium has so far precluded routine neutron diffraction work on its alloys and compounds. However, it is shown here that an easily constructed flat-plate sample holder with silicon single-crystal windows can be used to place a thin layer of material in a neutron beam and obtain Rietveld refinement quality diffraction data in a modest time. The flat-plate geometry uses a large area to compensate for the necessarily thin sample. Demonstration data are presented on two intermetallic compounds, Sm3Ag4Sn4and Gd3Ag4Sn4, and it is shown that both structural and magnetic information can be derived from the diffraction patterns. By working at a wavelength of 2.37 Å, it is possible to observe the low-Qdiffraction peaks associated with magnetic ordering. This simple methodology should now enable routine measurements on even the most highly absorbing materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".