Analytical and Numerical Study of a Swirling Submerged Jet Flow
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study is conducted to investigate the details and characteristics of swirling submerged jets when transferred into a system of helical vortices downstream in a bathtub-like flow. Both analytical and numerical results are presented. In the analytical solution, upstream flow is considered to be two-dimensional with piecewise-constant vorticity profile. The instability of such a flow leads to the formation of two-dimensional dipolar or tripolar vortical structures. It is shown that the size of the vortexless annular area inside the initial vortex is a critical parameter in the two dipolar unstable or tripolar stable structure formations, and that such tripolar flow transforms downstream to a three-dimensional steady helical vortex system, which rotates as a whole and propagates in the downstream direction. The mechanism of screwing vortex filaments into a steady system of helical vortices is also presented. The numerical simulations also confirm the initiation and generation of dipolar vortex structures.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it