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Record W1989317941 · doi:10.1136/bmj.e8234

Outsourcing favours private companies and is unsustainable, says report

2012· article· en· W1989317941 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Z. Kmietowicz

Bibliographic record

VenueBMJ · 2012
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldHealth Professions
TopicHealth Services Management and Policy
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsOutsourcingQuarter (Canadian coin)BusinessPrivate sectorValue (mathematics)Social enterpriseSocial responsibilityMarket economyFinanceEconomic growthEconomicsPublic relationsMarketingPolitical science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Social enterprises and charities are being squeezed out of the market to provide public services by a small number of private companies that dominate the sector and have “become too big and too complex to fail,” says a new report.1 The situation has serious consequences for Britain’s economy and communities, says the report from Social Enterprise UK. The report says that changes such as the Health and Social Care Act have led to an acceleration of outsourcing of public services. Currently a quarter of the total spend on public services in the United Kingdom is outsourced, worth £82bn (€101bn; $132bn). But this is predicted to rise to £140bn by 2014. Since the act was passed the estimated value of NHS contracts is £20bn, says the report. One company, …

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.458
Threshold uncertainty score0.553

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.091
GPT teacher head0.474
Teacher spread0.383 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations2
Published2012
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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