Jailed for Possession: Illegal Drug Use, Regulation, and Power in Canada, 1920-1961
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The debate about appropriate policies for dealing with illicit drugs normally divides historians into three diametrically opposed camps. One group favors criminalizing most if not all of this category of drugs and harsh jail terms for those caught dealing and/or using these substances. The second approach favors legislation to prohibit drug importation and use. The final historical approach is to view drug users through a more sympathetic eye, often favoring treatment and education over jail time, as well as the decriminalization of some less harmful currently illegal drugs. This volume definitely falls into the latter approach. Based on her doctoral dissertation, Carstairs examines the efforts of the Canadian government and law enforcement agencies to curtail the use of illicit drugs in Canada during what the author terms the classic era of drug enforcement, 1920–61. This volume is part of the Studies in Gender and History Series, and the themes of racism, gender discrimination, and poverty run throughout the text.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".