Nutrition and phylogeny of predacious yeasts
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Yeast predation was studied with respect to the range of its distribution among ascomycetous yeasts, the range of yeast species that can be affected, and nutritional aspects of the phenomenon. The yeasts identified as predators belong to the Saccharomycopsis clade as defined on the basis of rDNA sequence relatedness. The 11 recognized species in the clade, plus three undescribed but related Candida species, were shown to be incapable of utilizing sulfate as sole source of sulfur, and all but two (Saccharomycopsis capsularis and Saccharomycopsis vini) were observed to penetrate and kill other yeasts under some conditions. Other unrelated sulfate transport-deficient yeasts (strains in the genera Pichia and Candida and the two known species of Starmera) are not predacious. The predacious species vary considerably as to the optimal environmental conditions that favour predation. Some are inhibited by the presence of rich nitrogenous nutrients, organic sulfur compounds, or higher concentrations of ammonium nitrogen, whereas other species may be stimulated under the same conditions. An attempt was made to correlate prey susceptibility to the excretion of substances that stimulate the growth of predators, but no correlation was detected between the two phenomena. The range of susceptible prey covers both ascomycetes and basidiomycetes, and includes Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which was previously thought to be immune. The achlorophyllous alga Prototheca zopfii is not killed by predacious yeasts, but the initial steps of penetration have been observed in some cases. Predacious species attack other predacious species, and in some cases, young cultures may penetrate older cultures of the same strain.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it