A technique for near-infrared autofluorescence imaging of skin: preliminary results
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Melanin is essentially a nonfluoresent material under ultra-violet (UV) and short wavelength visible light excitation. However, fluorescence emission from in vivo cutaneous melanin has recently been detected spectroscopically under near-infrared (NIR) excitation by our group. The objective of this study is to develop an in vivo NIR autofluorescence imaging system for direct observation and characterization of melanin distribution in human skin. In the imaging system, light coming from a 785 nm diode laser is coupled into a ring light guide to uniformly illuminate the skin surface. The fluorescence or reflectance light is collected by an NIR-sensitive CCD camera with and without long-pass filters. Both reflectance and autofluorescence images of nevi from three volunteers were obtained with exposure time of less than 1 second. In NIR autofluorescence images the pigmented areas showed higher fluorescence than adjacent normal skin, thus confirmed the previous spectroscopic results and demonstrated great promises for using NIR autofluorescence for evaluating pigmented skin lesions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".