Quantification of achiral and chiral methylsulfonyl polychlorinated biphenyl metabolites by column-switching liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressure photoionization–tandem mass spectrometry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An enantioselective heart-cut column-switching liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the analysis of 25 methylsulfonyl polychlorinated biphenyl metabolites in tissue extracts. Use of a pyrenyl-ethyl silica column in the first dimension enabled separation of all but two pairs of isobaric analytes. Enantioseparation was achieved for 9 out of the 10 atropisomeric analytes using a Chiralpak AD-H amylose-based column within 93 min, resulting in greater chromatographic resolution of enantioseparation over shorter analysis time by up to a factor of three, compared to previous one-dimensional and multi-dimensional gas chromatography-based methods. Precision for concentration and enantiomer fraction measurements was within 11% and 3% relative standard deviation, respectively. Limits of detection ranged from 0.01 to 1.73 ng on-column. Meta-congeners had poorer sensitivity (i.e., ng on-column), consistent with existing gas chromatography-based methods. Despite this limitation, the method was successfully applied to the analysis of Greenland sledge dog adipose tissue extracts, which had highly non-racemic residues of 4-methylsulfonyl-2,2',3,5',6-pentachlorobiphenyl and 4'-methylsulfonyl-2,2',3,3',4,6'-hexachlorobiphenyl, consistent with past reports in Arctic mammals.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".