Toxicology at the Food and Drug Administration: New Century, New Challenges
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dr. Schwetz is the Acting Deputy Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). He was Director of FDA National Center for Toxicological Research in Jefferson, AR, from 1993 to 1999. A diplomate of the American Board of Toxicology, Dr. Schwetz was acting Director of the Environmental Toxicology Program at the National Institutes of Health National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) in Research Triangle Park, NC, before coming to the FDA in 1993. He was also Associate Director of the National Toxicology program there. He had been Chief of the Institute Systems Toxicity Branch since 1982. Dr. Schwetz currently serves as Adjunct Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology/Division of Interdisciplinary Toxicology, at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. He was editor of Fundamental and Applied Toxicology from 1986 to 1992, and serves on the Editorial Advisory Board of Environmental Health Perspectives and Critical Reviews in Toxicology. Dr. Schwetz is an invited member of the Canada Health Protection Branch Science Advisory Board, and an elected member of the National Academy of Sciences Institute of Medicine. He is a member of the Society of Toxicology (SOT) and the National Capitol Area Chapter, SOT; the American Veterinary Medical Association; National Society of Phi Zeta, Honor Society of Veterinary Medicine; Teratology Society; Behavioral Teratology Society; and the Reproductive Toxicology Specialty Section of the SOT. He is past president of the Reproductive Toxicology Specialty Section of the SOT and of the North Carolina and the South Central Chapters of the SOT. In addition to numerous other professional awards during his career, Dr. Schwetz received the U.S. Government 1998 Meritorious Executive Presidential Rank Award.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.058 | 0.046 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.012 | 0.021 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.018 | 0.026 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.022 | 0.010 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".