Etiology and outcome of prenatally detected paracardial cystic lesions: a case series and review of the literature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Isolated paracardial cysts, defined as cystic structures adjacent to or originating from the heart, are rare and etiologically heterogeneous congenital abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to review our experience with prenatally diagnosed isolated cysts. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively the medical charts and ultrasound records of all cases with an antenatal diagnosis of paracardial cyst at our institution between 2001 and 2006. Where applicable, the diagnosis was further substantiated by other imaging modalities and pathology. RESULTS: The cysts in six fetuses were diagnosed at a median gestation of 20 (range, 19-38) weeks. Three of these fetuses presented with a fluid-filled cyst attached to or within the pericardial space (pericardial cysts), which resolved spontaneously by the time of delivery. In contrast, the cysts did not change in size or shape in the remaining three fetuses. Postnatal examination of the persistent cysts revealed three different etiologies: (1) a microcystic lymphangioma, located in the anterior mediastinum; (2) an isolated neurenteric cyst; and (3) a single bronchogenic cyst, both within the posterior mediastinum. The lymphangioma and neurenteric cyst were removed surgically after birth. CONCLUSIONS: Fetal echocardiography enables early detection of paracardial cyst. Pericardial cysts disappeared spontaneously during the course of gestation without signs of fetal cardiac compromise, suggesting a benign prognosis. Imaging by magnetic resonance and computerized tomography were particularly useful to clarify the etiology, structure and extent of those cysts that had not resolved by the time of birth. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.044 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".