Macropinocytosis-Like HIV-1 Internalization in Macrophages Is CCR5 Dependent and Leads to Efficient but Delayed Degradation in Endosomal Compartments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
HIV-1 endocytosis by a macropinocytosis-like mechanism has been shown to lead to productive infection in macrophages. However, little is known of this pathway. In this study, we examined HIV-1 endocytosis using biochemical approaches and imaging techniques in order to better understand the mechanisms that allow for productive infection of these cells via the endosomal pathway. We show here that this macropinocytosis-like mechanism is not the sole pathway involved in HIV-1 endocytosis in macrophages. However, this pathway specifically requires CCR5 engagement at the cell surface, which in turn suggests that the virus and its coreceptor are present in the endosomal environment simultaneously. Furthermore, although we observed efficient viral degradation following endocytosis, analyses of HIV-1 transport through the endolysosomal pathway revealed that viral degradation is delayed following endosomal internalization, possibly allowing the virus to complete its fusion.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".