Multihormonal Control of Pre-Pro-Somatostatin mRNA Levels in the Periventricular Nucleus of the Male and Female Rat Hypothalamus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The influence of sex steroids as well as the possible involvement of dopaminergic pathways in the modulation of pre-pro-somatostatin (SS) mRNA levels was investigated by quantitative in situ hybridization in the hypothalamic periventricular nucleus (PeN) in adult male and female rats. In situ hybridization was performed using a [35S]-labeled cDNA probe encoding pre-proSS mRNA. Gonadectomy performed 14 days earlier decreased the mean number of silver grains/neuron corresponding to the relative pre-proSS mRNA levels by 22% in male and by 18-28% in female rats. A 14-day treatment with the nonaromatizable androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) increased the mean number of silver grains/neuron by 34-40% in gonadectomized animals of both sexes. Moreover, administration of 17 beta-estradiol (E2, 0.25 microgram twice daily) increased pre-proSS mRNA levels by 40% in ovariectomized (OVX) animals. Such treatment with E2 or DHT changed the frequency distribution profile of the hybridization signal intensity, thus increasing the percentage of highly labeled neurons (greater than or equal to 61 grains/neuron) by 10 to 12-fold. A 14-day treatment with the D2 dopamine receptor agonist bromocriptine (BRO) increased pre-proSS mRNA levels by 15 and 28% in intact female and OVX animals, respectively, while the dopaminergic antagonist haloperidol (HAL) decreased the value of this parameter by 20 and 30%. Furthermore, BRO increased pre-proSS mRNA levels by 10 and 20% in intact and castrated male rats, respectively, whereas HAL decreased pre-proSS mRNA levels by 25 and 14% in the same groups of animals. Administration of E2 in combination with HAL in OVX animals increased pre-proSS mRNA levels by 70% compared to those measured in OVX animals treated with HAL alone. In HAL-treated castrated male rats, administration of DHT increased the relative pre-proSS mRNA levels by 35% compared to those measured in castrated animals treated with HAL alone. The present data clearly demonstrate that androgens and estrogens as well as dopamine-mediated mechanisms could play a regulatory role in pre-proSS mRNA levels in somatostatinergic neurons in the hypothalamic PeN in both male and female rats.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".