Age-dependent metabolic effects of repeated hypoxemia in piglets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether repeated exposure to hypoxemia would modify the response to hypoxemia during maturation. We exposed piglets to three 1-h cycles of hypoxemia (PaO2 = 30 to 35 mmHg; 1 mmHg = 133.3 Pa) at 1 week (n = 9), 2-3 weeks (n = 10), and 4-5 weeks of age (n = 10). O2 consumption (V(O2)) and CO2 production (V(CO2)) were measured, and alveolar ventilation (V(A)) was derived from V(CO2) and PaCO2. Levels of lactic acid (lactate) and serum catecholamines were also measured. With hypoxemia, time had a significant effect on V(O2) and body temperature in an age-dependent fashion: that is, whereas the 1 week group and the 4-5 week group showed both variables decreasing over time, the 2-3 week group showed no drop in V(O2) and a small increase in body temperature over time. Lactate levels increased with hypoxemia in all animals during the first exposure. However, with repeated exposures to hypoxemia, only the 2-3 week group continued to increase its lactate levels. Furthermore, the changes in lactate levels paralleled the changes in epinephrine levels with hypoxemia. We found, too, that although V(A) increased significantly with hypoxemia in all animals, this change was not modified by age or repeated exposures. No significant effects of age or repeated exposures were found in the cardiovascular response to hypoxemia. We concluded that, from a metabolic viewpoint, after repeated exposures to hypoxemia the 2-3 week animals responded differently.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".