Cartilaginous Tumours of the Larynx
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cartilaginous tumours of the larynx are rare. Chondrosarcomas represent the most common sarcoma involving this site. A series of seven patients with the diagnosis of chondrosarcoma of the larynx from the cancer registry at the University of Michigan Medical Center from 1975 to 1997 and one recent case from the Ann Arbor Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital were identified. One patient with a laryngeal chondroma was also included in the series. Pertinent clinical, pathologic, and therapeutic data were reviewed. In three of the nine patients, tumours involved the thyroid cartilage; the remainder, including the chondroma, arose from the cricoid cartilage. Four of the chondrosarcomas were histopathologic grade I, three were grade II, and one was grade III. Surgical treatment of the chondrosarcomas included five total laryngectomies, three laryngofissures with resection, and a partial cricoid resection. Six patients are alive without disease, including one patient who had direct spread to the thyroid gland and a peristomal recurrence that was excised. The patient with a grade III tumour developed pulmonary metastases 6 months after total laryngectomy and radiation therapy and died. One patient died of other causes. These findings confirm previous reports that chondrosarcomas are usually slow growing and demonstrate an indolent clinical course and that low-grade chondrosarcomas arising in the larynx may be excised with close surgical margins without compromising survival. This series suggests that local recurrence of low-grade lesions can be salvaged surgically, even after total laryngectomy, and that high-grade chondrosarcomas, although exceedingly rare, are much more aggressive neoplasms with a greater tendency to metastasize.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".