“You Can’t Touch Me, You Can’t Touch Me”: Inter-gender violence and aggression in the PG era of World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) programming
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cultivation theory posits that media sources may contribute to the development and subsequent internalization of distorted beliefs about violence by viewers. The present study examined representations of inter-gender violence and aggression in one form of violent media, World Wrestling Entertainment, from the period of 1 January to 1 July 2011 to assess narratives conveyed about violence between men and women. A total of 105 hours of televised episodes of World Wrestling Entertainment’s two highest rated shows were data sources for this analysis. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Three core themes pertaining to male–female violence were identified: (a) females as perpetrators of retaliatory physical violence against males, (b) males as perpetrators of physical, sexual, and verbal aggression to intimidate females, and (c) justifications for female violence against men behaving badly. Findings are considered in light of feminist and gender symmetry perspectives on male–female violence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".