The impact of climate change on an emerging coastline affected by discontinuous permafrost: Manitounuk Strait, northern Quebec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A comparative analysis of air photos and a field survey show that permafrost-affected sectors of the coastline along Manitounuk Strait receded at an increasing rate between 1950 and 1995. These sectors are in bays where post-glacial Tyrrell Sea clays outcrop. During the same period, sand beaches at the mouths of streams and rock and till shorelines on headlands prograded at the pace of isostatic uplift. Permafrost that had aggraded and formed lithalsas and plateaus during the 19th century (i.e., during the Little Ice Age) had expanded over the tidal marsh and had locally provoked accelerated coastal emergence as frost heaving added to post-glacial isostatic uplift. Climate warming during the 20th century, particularly during the summer months, generated a chain of impacts involving forest growth, snow cover, ground warming, and permafrost degradation. Waves and tidal currents are mainly responsible for the evacuation and transport of thermokarst-produced silts and clays from the shore into the marine basin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".