Direct numerical simulation of low Mach number turbulent wall bounded flow with favourable and adverse pressure gradients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Direct numerical simulation (DNS) of turbulent isothermal-wall bounded flow subjected to favourable and adverse pressure gradient (FPG, APG) at low Mach number is investigated. The FPG/APG is obtained by imposing a concave/convex curvature on the top wall of a plane channel. The flows on the bottom and top walls are a tripped turbulent and laminar boundary layers, respectively. It is observed that the flow reaches equilibrium in the FPG region and the first and second order statistics are strongly influenced by the pressure gradients. For FPG/APG regions very near the bottom plane wall, the correlations between the streamwise pressure gradient and the spanwise vorticity flux and between the spanwise pressure gradient and the streamwise vorticity flux in the wall-normal direction are high on the wall and quickly drops to a negligible value within the viscous sublayer. Related flow physics and linkage to energy balance transport is discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".