Bibliographic record
Abstract
To the Editor—Tsang et al. [1] provide welcome information from Canada that support our US data suggesting that antigenic shift involving outer membrane proteins contribute to increases in meningococcal disease. The serogroup C ET‐15 2a:P1.5,2 strains that emerged in Canada during the late 1980s or early 1990s appear to be antigenically identical at the porA and porB loci to the early and late ST‐11 clones we described in Maryland [2]. However, because these clones differed in the FetA protein and because information on this protein was not provided by Tsang et al., further comparisons between serogroup C strains that cause disease in the United States and Canada are not possible. Interestingly, the ST‐11 serogroup C P1.7,1 variant that emerged in Quebec in 2001 [3] caused 3 cases of meningococcal disease in Maryland in 1995 and 1996 (L.H.H., unpublished data) but was not responsible for any outbreaks. This suggests that the ability of antigenic variants to cause outbreaks may also depend on the immunologic status of the population or on other factors.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.027 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.027 | 0.034 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".