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THE LIGO GRAVITATIONAL WAVE OBSERVATORIES: RECENT RESULTS AND FUTURE PLANS
I. W. Harry, R. X. Adhikari, S. W. Ballmer, K. Bayer, J. Betzwieser, B. Bochner, R. Burgess, L. Cadonati, S. Chatterji, T. R. Corbitt, P. Csatorday, P. Fritschel, Keisuke Goda, Y. Hefetz, E. Katsavounidis, R. Lawrence, M. MacInnis, A. Marin, K. Mason, N. Mavalvala, R. Mittleman, D. J. Ottaway, M. R. Pratt, T. Regimbau, S. Richman, J. G. Rollins, D. H. Shoemaker, M. Smith, M. van Putten, R. Weiss, C. Aulbert, S. J. Berukoff, Curt Cutler, S. Grünewald, Y. Itoh, B. Krishnan, B. Machenschalk, Soumya D. Mohanty, S. Mukherjee, Holger Naundorf, M. A. Papa, B. F. Schutz, A. M. Sintes, P. R. Williams, C. N. Colacino, K. Danzmann, A. Freise, H. Grote, Gerhard Heinzel, K. Kawabe, P. Kloevekorn, H. Lück, K. Mossavi, S. Nagano, A. Rüdiger, R. Schilling, J. R. Smith, A. Weidner, B. Willke, W. Winkler, B. J. Cusack, D. E. McClelland, S. M. Scott, A. C. Searle, R. W. P. Drever, Massimo Tinto, R. Williams, A. Buonanno, Yu‐Hung Chen, K. S. Thorne, M. Vallisneri, B. Abbott, S. B. Anderson, M. C. Araya, H. Armandula, F. Asiri, B. C. Barish, M. Barnes, M. A. Barton, B. Bhawal, G. Billingsley, E. Black, K. Blackburn, L. Bogue, R. Bork, D. Busby, L. Cardenas, A. Chandler, J. Chapsky, P. Charlton, D. Coyne, J. D. E. Creighton, E. D’Ambrosio, R. DeSalvo, H. Ding, Jeffrey A. Edlund, P. Ehrens, T. Etzel, M. Evans, D. Farnham, M. Fine, A. Gillespie, D. Grimmett, A. Hartunian, J. Heefner, P. Hoang, M. Hrynevych, A. Ivanov, Lynne Jones, Dieter Jungwirth, W. Kells, C. King, P. J. King, D. B. Kozak, A. Lazzarini, Mingxing Lei, Kenneth G. Libbrecht, P. E. Lindquist, S. Liu, J. Logan, T. T. Lyons, M. Mageswaran, K. Mailand, Walid A. Majid, F.M. Mann, S. Márka, E. Maros, James Mason, S. Meshkov, O. Miyakawa, S. Miyoki, B. Mours, F. Nocera, D. Ouimette, M. Pedraza, Shanti Rao, D. Redding, M. W. Regehr, K. T. Reilly, K. Reithmaier, L. Robison, D. Rose, P. Russell, I. Salzman, G. H. Sanders, V. Sannibale, V. Schmidt, B. Sears, S. Seel, P. Shawhan, L. Sievers, Robert Spero, M. C. Sumner, Julien Sylvestre, A. Takamori, H. Tariq, R. Taylor, S. Tilav, W. Tyler, S. Vass, L. Wallace, Brent Ware, D. Webber, A. J. Weinstein, L. Wen, S. E. Whitcomb, P. A. Willems, A. Wilson, H. Yamamoto, L. ZHANG, J. Zweizig, K. S. Ganezer, Рамачандран Баласубраманиан, D. Churches, R. Davies, B. S. Sathyaprakash, Ian Taylor, N. Christensen, C. Ebeling, Éanna É. Flanagan, T. Nash, S. Penn, S. Dhurandar, R. K. Nayak, A. S. Sengupta, D. Barker, C. Barker-Patton, B. Bland-Weaver, D. Cook, C. Gray, M. Guenther, Neil Hindman, M. Landry, M. J. Lubinski, O. Matherny, L. Matone, R. McCarthy, G. Mendell, G. Moreno, J. Myers, V. Parameswariah, F. J. Raab, H. Radkins, K. Ryan, R. L. Savage, P. Schwinberg, D. Sigg, C. Vorvick, J. Worden, R. Abbott, K. Carter, M. Coles, T. Evans, V. V. Frolov, M. Fyffe, A. M. Gretarsson, M. Hammond, J. Hanson, Jonathan Kern, A. Khan, J. Kovalik, John Langdale, M. Lormand, B. O’Reilly, H. Overmier, C. Parameswariah, R. Riesen, Anthony Rizzi, S. Roddy, A. Sibley, G. Stapfer, G. Traylor, K. Watts, R. Wooley, I. Yakushin, M. E. Zucker, V. Chickarmane, E. J. Daw, J. A. Giaime, G. González, W. O. Hamilton, W. W. Johnson, S. Wen, N. Zotov, M. McHugh, J. T. Whelan, H. Walther, A. Ageev, I. A. Bilenko, V. B. Braginsky, V. P. Mitrofanov, K. V. Tokmakov, S. P. Vyachanin, J. B. Camp, Seiji Kawamura, Krzysztof Belczyński, P. Grandclément, V. Kalogera, C. Kim, P. Nutzman, T. Olson, S. Yoshida, Raymond G. Beausoleil, A. Bullington, R. L. Byer, D. DeBra, M. M. Fejer, E. K. Gustafson, C. Hardham, M. Hennessy, W. Hua, B. Lantz, N. A. Robertson, P. R. Saulson, L. S. Finn, N. Hepler, B. J. Owen, E. Rotthoff, Kevin C. Schlaufman, Charles Shapiro, A. L. Stuver, T. Z. Summerscales, P. J. Sutton, M. Tibbits, B. J. Winjum, W. G. Anderson, M. Díaz, W. R. Johnston, J. D. Romano, C. Torres, D. Ugolini, P. Aufmuth, S. Brozek, Carsten Fallnich, S. Goßler, I. S. Heng, M. Heurs, K. Kötter, V. Leonhardt, M. Malec, V. Quetschke, M. Schrempel, S. Traeger, U. Weiland, H. Welling, I. Zawischa, Richard Ingley, C. Messenger, A. Vecchio, R. Amin, J. Castiglione, R. L. Coldwell, T. Delker, S. Klimenko, G. Mitselmakher, G. Mueller, M. Rakhmanov, D. H. Reitze, Haisheng Rong, A. Sazonov, Q. Z. Shu, D. B. Tanner, B. F. Whiting, S. Wise, B. Barr, R. Bennett, G. Cagnoli, C. A. Cantley, M. M. Casey, D. R. M. Crooks, R. J. Dupuis, E. J. Elliffe, A. Grant, A. Heptonstall, M. Hewitson, J. Hough, O. Jennrich, S. Killbourn, C. J. Killow, P. W. McNamara, G. Newton, M. Pitkin, M. V. Plissi, D. I. Robertson, S. Rowan, K. D. Skeldon, P. Sneddon, K. A. Strain, R. L. Ward, G. Woan, A. Taracchini, R. Gustafson, K. Riles, J. E. Brau, R. Frey, Masahiro Ito, I. Leonor, R. Rahkola, R. M. S. Schofield, D. M. Strom, William E. Butler, B. Allen, P. R. Brady, D. Brown, S. Koranda, Adrian C. Ottewill, X. Siemens, A. G. Wiseman, S. Bose
Bibliographic record
Venuenot available
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicPulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaCalifornia Institute of TechnologyCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research, IndiaAlfred P. Sloan FoundationMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyJohn Simon Guggenheim Memorial FoundationNational Science Foundation
KeywordsLIGOGravitational waveComputer scienceGravitational-wave astronomyEinstein TelescopeGravitational-wave observatoryAstronomyPhysics
Abstract
The LIGO interferometers are operating as gravitational wave observatories, with a noise level near an order of magnitude of the goal and the first scientific data recently taken.This data has been analyzed for four different categories of gravitational wave sources; millisecond bursts, inspiralling binary neutron stars, periodic waves from a known pulsar, and stochastic background.Research and development is also underway for the next generation LIGO detector, Advanced LIGO.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.019
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.012
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.019
Threshold uncertainty score0.100
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.019 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.016
GPT teacher head0.292
Teacher spread0.276 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreOther
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
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Citations1
Published2006
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes