On-line monitoring of partial discharges in a HVDC station environment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper deals with the on-line measurement of partial discharges (PD) in a high voltage direct current (HVDC) converter station. The HVDC station is a particularly challenging environment for measurement due to elevated interference levels caused from the switching of thyristor-controlled converters. In this work, online PD measurements were performed on two specimens; one is an HVDC converter transformer and the other an HVDC converter wall bushing. The measurements were performed in the high-frequency range from 400 kHz to 30 MHz with modern wideband PD measurement instrumentation. Results demonstrate that on-line measurement of PD in an HVDC station environment is possible and that a combination of input filtering and modern signal processing methods for feature extraction can be used to mitigate the converter interference. The feature extraction method used plots partial discharge data on a time-frequency classification map. The map enabled isolation of individual PD phenomena, and demonstrated that trending to monitor insulation degradation is possible with online partial discharge measurement. Furthermore, specific strategies for PD measurement and analysis are developed for each of the transformer and bushing specimens.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".