Fluorescence quenching of fluoranthene by maleic anhydride in solution and during nonreactive and reactive twin‐screw extrusion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Fluorescence quenching of fluoranthene by maleic anhydride (MAH) in polypropylene (PP) during twin‐screw extrusion (TSE) was investigated using an online fluorescence measurement system. The fluorescence quenching effect was clearly seen from the decrease of the peak intensity and integrated area of the residence time distribution (RTD) curves when MAH was introduced into PP. Fluorescence quenching effect in TSE was compared with that in chloroform solution and in both cases, it followed the linear Stern‐Volmer equation although it showed lower quenching effect in TSE than in solution. Using this quenching phenomenon, it was possible to measure online the grafting degree of PP with MAH in the TSE. The obtained results showed that MAH grafting degree and total conversion measured by both fluorescence technique and by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were in good agreement for MAH weight concentrations up to 0.8 wt%. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".