First Report of <i>Tobacco rattle virus</i> Associated with Corky Ringspot in Potatoes Grown in North Dakota
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) belongs to the genus Tobravirus and causes a stem mottle of potato (Solanum tuberosum) foliage and necrotic arcs and rings in tubers referred to as corky ringspot. This virus is generally transmitted by a number of species of stubby-root nematode. The virus is widespread and has been reported in California, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Michigan, Oregon, Washington, Minnesota, and Wisconsin (2). In the spring of 2009, we received potato tubers of cv. Russet Burbank with internal necrotic arcs very similar to those caused by TRV from potato storages located in Grand Forks and Dickey counties of North Dakota. Total RNA was extracted from the necrotic lesions of two tubers from each location using the Total RNA Isolation kit (Promega Corp., Madison WI). These extracts were tested for TRV by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using primers complementary to nucleotides 6555 to 6575 (Primer A) and identical to nucleotides 6113 to 6132 (Primer B) within the 3' terminus of TRV-SYM RNA-1 (GenBank Accession No. X06172) (3). The expected 463-bp amplicons from two separate tuber samples from each county were cloned (TOPO Cloning; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and sequenced. The sequences obtained from the four clones at both locations were found to be identical to each other and were 99% identical to the corresponding regions of TRV isolates from Michigan and Florida (GenBank Accession Nos. EU315226.1 and AF055912.1, respectively). Since sequences from all four clones were identical, only one of the sequences was submitted to Genbank (Accession No. GQ223114) and thus represents a consensus sequence. The extracts also tested positive in RT-PCR with a second set of primers corresponding to sequences in TRV RNA-2 yielding a 3.8-kbp amplicon (1). No evidence was found by RT-PCR for several other viruses that cause tuber necrosis in potato (Potato mop top virus, Tomato spotted wilt virus, Alfalfa mosaic virus, and tuber necrosis strains of Potato virus Y). The virus was mechanically transmitted by inoculating sap from symptomatic tubers from both counties to tobacco cv. Samsun NN, which showed typical bright yellow patches and spots on leaves 2 weeks postinoculation. TRV was confirmed in tobacco by RT-PCR from total RNA extracted from tobacco leaves with both sets of the aforementioned primers. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TRV in North Dakota and the first report of corky ringspot disease of potato in this state. References: (1) J. M. Crosslin et al. Virus Res. 96:99, 2003. (2) N. C. Gudmestad et al. Plant Dis. 92:1254, 2008. (3) D. J. Robinson. J. Virol. Methods 40:57, 1992.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".