Thermic Effects of Glucose, Amino Acid and Lipid in the Term Newborn
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The thermic effect in term infants of intragastric isocaloric amounts of glucose, lipid and amino acid have been compared with control infants given water on the third to fifth days of life. In contrast with adults, the thermic effect of glucose was found to be non-existent and for lipids weak and ill-sustained. These results suggest that these nutrients are mainly oxidised and that processes involving an elevated metabolic cost, such as lipid synthesis, play a minor role. The ingestion of an isocaloric load of amino acids induced a small thermic effect (4.4% of the energy content of the load in 2 h). This effect is probably related to a low rate of protein synthesis or amino acid catabolism and an absence of tissue deposition. The small thermic effect observed suggests that a significant part of the load is not metabolised or channeled into protein synthesis. In term infants the weak thermic effect after amino acid and the failure of glucose and lipid to stimulate metabolism may possibly be analogous to the lack of post-prandial thermic effect reported in non-growing children suffering from malnutrition. It can be hypothesised that in both cases the energy storage related to lipid and protein synthesis is absent or minimal. Therefore, there is no stimulation of energy expenditure to produce a thermic effect.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".