Horizontal Transfer of Nodulation Genes in Soils and Microcosms from Bradyrhizobium japonicum to B. elkanii.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigated the horizontal transfer of nodulation (nod) genes to a Bradyrhizobium elkanii strain, lacking common nod genes as a recipient, in soils and microcosms using selection systems of antibiotic resistance and legume nodulation. We observed the horizontal transfer of nod genes at 4C in Nakazawa soil where peculiar strains (HRS strains) of B. japonicum harboring high copy numbers of insertion sequences dominated. In microcosms containing HRS strains as donors, we detected a similar horizontal transfer from B. japonicum HRS strain NK5 to the B. elkanii recipient more efficiently at 4C, which was verified by examining hybridization, nodulation and Nod factor production. These traits were, however, gradually lost during successive cultures. Plasmid analysis indicated that this event was not due to the simple transfer of plasmid carrying common nod genes. These results suggest the potential for horizontal transfer of nod genes among bradyrhizobia and other bacterial populations in soil environments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".