Surface water quality in Manitoba with respect to six chemical parameters, water body and sediment type and land use
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Surface waters at 425 sites in Manitoba were analyzed for total dissolved solids, nitrate-nitrogen, dissolved organic matter, cadmium, lead and copper. Regional differences in chemical parameters were found for various areas of the province and for some bottom sediment types. Sites were classified according to predominant type of land use: minimal, cropland, livestock, mining, recreation, forest logging, hydroelectric development and urban effluent. The highest mean values of total dissolved solids, cadmium and copper were associated with mining, although the highest absolute values for copper were found in cottage and recreational areas due to the use of copper sulphate to control algal blooms. Urban effluents and agriculture significantly elevated total dissolved solids and nitrate. Elevated dissolved organic matter was most associated with land clearing and urban effluents. The relative significance of the various human activities differed with geographical region. Streams were the most vulnerable to contamination, particularly on the Precambrian Shield. Water quality problems exist in some areas in the province, and management must take into account the regional characteristics of surface waters, as well as address the varying nature and intensity of contamination generated by human land uses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".