Subcooled Water Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in a Short SUS304-Tube With Twisted-Tape Insert
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The subcooled boiling heat transfer and the steady-state critical heat fluxes (CHFs) in a short SUS304-tube with twisted-tape insert are systematically measured for mass velocities (G=4016–13,850 kg/m2 s), inlet liquid temperatures (Tin=285.82–363.96 K), outlet pressures (Pout=764.76–889.02 kPa), and exponentially increasing heat input (Q=Q0 exp(t/τ), τ=8.5 s) by the experimental water loop comprised of a multistage canned-type circulation pump controlled by an inverter. The SUS304 test tube of inner diameter (d=6 mm), heated length (L=59.5 mm), effective length (Leff=49.1 mm), L/d(=9.92), Leff/d(=8.18), and wall thickness (δ=0.5 mm) with average surface roughness (Ra=3.18 μm) is used in this work. The SUS304 twisted tape with twist ratio, y(=H/d=(pitch of 180 deg rotation)/d), of 3.39 is used. The relation between inner surface temperature and heat flux for the SUS304-tube with the twisted-tape insert are clarified from nonboiling to CHF. The subcooled boiling heat transfer for SUS304-tube with the twisted-tape insert is compared with our empty SUS304-tube data and the values calculated by our and other workers’ correlations for the subcooled boiling heat transfer. The influences of the twisted-tape insert and the swirl velocity on the subcooled boiling heat transfer and the CHFs are investigated into details and the widely and precisely predictable correlations of the subcooled boiling heat transfer and the CHFs for turbulent flow of water in the SUS304-tube with twisted-tape insert are given based on the experimental data. The correlations can describe the subcooled boiling heat transfer coefficients and the CHFs obtained in this work within −25 to +15% difference.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".