Intramolecular reactions of dialkoxycarbenes with a carbonyl group
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thermolysis of 5,5-dimethyl-2-methoxy-2-(2-oxocyclohexylmethoxy)-Δ3-1,3,4-oxadiazoline (3a) in benzene at 110°C generated a carbonyl ylide intermediate that gave, in a minor side reaction, a product of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to the carbonyl group. The major fate of the ylide was fragmentation to acetone and a dialkoxycarbene, MeO (RCH2O)C:, where R = 2-oxocyclohexyl. The carbene, in turn, underwent overall [2 + 1] cycloaddition to the carbonyl group, presumably to afford diastereomeric dialkoxyoxiranes that could not be isolated. A product of methanolysis of the presumed oxiranes was isolated by GC and its structure was determined by means of X-ray diffraction. Methanol is believed to result from reaction of an intermediate or product with adventitious water. Deliberate hydrolysis of the product of methanolysis gave a hydroxy lactone, the structure of which was also secured by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction. Those structures indicated the likely structures of the oxirane precursors. A second, and major, product from the carbene was a bicyclic ketone. Similar products were obtained from intramolecular reactions of a carbene tethered to cyclopentanone through a two-carbon or a one-carbon tether. Some compounds that are apparently "dimers" of the oxiranes were also isolated and identified by means of X-ray diffraction. These dimers are thought to originate from the reaction of a ring-opened oxirane (a dipole or a cation from electrophilic opening of the oxirane) with a molecule of the oxirane rather than from bimolecular reaction between two oxirane molecules. The oxiranes open by cleavage of the (RO)2CO bond rather than the oxirane CC bond, the normally observed sense of thermal ring opening. The properties of the carbenes and the presumed oxiranes serve to point out the options available to such intermediates and suggest that some new, synthetically useful reactions may become possible.Key words: bicyclic ketone, dialkoxycarbene, dialkoxyoxirane, hydroxylactone, "oxirane dimers".
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".