A loss of resistance to avirulent bacterial pathogens in tobacco is associated with the attenuation of a salicylic acid‐potentiated oxidative burst
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The role of salicylic acid (SA) in events occurring before cell death during the hypersensitive reaction (HR) was investigated in leaves of wild-type tobacco Samsun NN and in transgenic lines expressing salicylate hydroxylase (35S-SH-L). Challenge of 35S-SH-L tobacco with avirulent strains of Pseudomonas syringae gave rise to symptoms resembling those normally associated with a compatible response to virulent strains in terms of visible phenotype, kinetics of bacterial multiplication, and escape from the infection site. Compared with responses in wild-type tobacco, both the onset of plant cell death and the induction of an active oxygen species-responsive promoter (AoPR1-GUS) were delayed following challenge of 35S-SH-L plants with avirulent bacteria. The oxidative burst occurring after challenge with avirulent bacteria was visualized histochemically and quantified in situ. H2O2 accumulation at reaction sites was evident within 1 h after inoculation in wild-type tobacco, whereas in 35S-SH-L plants the onset of H2O2 accumulation was delayed by 2-3 h. The delay in H2O2 generation was correlated with a reduction in the transient rise in SA that usually occurred within 1-2 h following inoculation in wild-type plants. Our data indicate that an early transient rise in SA potentiates the oxidative burst, with resultant effects on accumulation of H2O2, plant cell death and also defence-gene induction, factors that together may determine the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".