The Impact of Acute Herpes Zoster Pain and Discomfort on Functional Status and Quality of Life in Older Adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To describe the interference of herpes zoster (HZ) pain and discomfort with activities of daily living (ADLs) and health-related quality of life (HRQL) during the acute rash phase, and to quantify the relationship between acute HZ pain and discomfort and impaired ADLs and HRQL in older persons. METHODS: Prospective, observational study of 160 HZ outpatients age > or =60 at 4 US study sites who completed the Zoster Brief Pain Inventory (ZBPI), Zoster Impact Questionnaire (ZIQ), McGill Pain Questionnaire, EuroQol, and SF-12 questionnaires on a predetermined schedule. Patients rated interference on a 0 to 10 scale for ADL items in the ZBPI and the ZIQ. Interference scores were averaged to create summary measures for the ZBPI items (ZBPI ADLI) and ZIQ items (ZIQ ADLI). A composite pain score was used in mixed-effects models analyses of the association between pain and discomfort and ADLI and HRQL measures during the first 35 days after HZ rash onset. RESULTS: HZ pain interfered with all ADLs but interference was greatest for enjoyment of life, sleep, general activity, leisure activities, getting out of the house, and shopping. For every 1.0 point increase in pain and discomfort intensity, there was a 0.69 and 0.53 point increase in ZBPI and ZIQ interference, respectively, and a 2.81 point, 1.57 point, and 1.95 point decrease in EuroQol, SF-12 physical, and SF-12 mental scales, respectively. DISCUSSION: Acute zoster pain and discomfort has a significant negative impact on functional status and HRQL in older adults. The magnitude of interference increases with increasing pain and discomfort intensity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".