Phytotoxicity of Fusarium, other fungal isolates, and of the phytotoxins fumonisin, fusaric acid, and moniliformin to jimsonweed
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ten fungal isolates from jimsonweed ( Datura stramonium L. ) and 7 from crop species were examined for phytotoxin production and pathogenicity on jimsonweed seedlings in the greenhouse. Four isolates of Fusarium moniliforme , three F. semitectum isolates, a F. oxysporum isolate, a Cephalosporium spp . isolate, and an Alternaria crassa isolate from diseased jimsonweed seedlings, plus seven additional F. moniliforme isolates from seeds and seedlings of crop species were grown on autoclaved rice ( Oryza sativa ). The fungus-rice mixtures were ground and tested for phytotoxicity on 1- and 2-wk-old jimsonweed seedlings via foliar application. All fungus-infested rice extracts (5 g fungus-rice mixture 50 mL -1 water) caused injury or mortality to the seedlings except the extracts from isolates of F. semitectum , Cephalosporium spp ., and A. crassa . Fungus-rice mixtures were quantitatively analyzed for the presence of Fusarium phytotoxins [fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 fusaric acid, and moniliformin]. No isolate produced more thanoneof these phytotoxins in the fungus-rice extract. FB 1 was produced by ail F. moniliforme isoletes in a concentration range of ≤ 5 to 850 μg mL -1 of fungus-rice extract. The F. oxysporum isolate produced moniliformin at 3.5 g mL -1 , and no phytotoxins were detected in extracts of F. semitectum , Cephalosporium spp ., or A. crassa . Pure fumonisin, fusaric acid, and moniliformin applied to jimsonweed foliage at 6-50, 25-800, and 50-800 (μg mL -1 , respectively, caused symptoms similar to that of the fungal isolates that produced these compounds. Pathogenicity tests of spores of all isolates on jimsonweed indicated that the isolates were avirulent, except for A crassa which infected only after a dew period ≥ 12 h.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it