Nonlinear Rotation of Capacity‐Protected Foundations: The 2015 Canadian Building Code
Bibliographic record
Abstract
When foundations are capacity‐protected, inelastic deformations will occur primarily in the seismic force‐resisting system. Soil flexibility can be ignored when determining seismic loads, but footings will rotate when subjected to the maximum overturning moment, and this may increase building drifts, particularly in lower stories where gravity‐load columns are less flexible. A “hand calculation” method is presented for estimating rotation of a footing from the uniform bearing stress distribution required to resist the applied overturning moment. The method, which has been adopted in the 2015 Canadian building code, accounts for initial linear rotation of footings and additional nonlinear rotation due to footing uplift and nonlinearity of soil. A quick, safe estimate can be made using approximate equations, or a more accurate estimate can be made by determining two parameters from figures. Design examples demonstrate how the method can be used to design foundations for improved performance at a small additional cost.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".