Kinetic Parameters of a Homogeneous Transmethylation of Soybean Oil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The kinetic parameters of a truly homogeneous base‐catalyzed transmethylation of soybean oil at four temperatures from 23 to 50 °C have been determined for the first time. The addition of oxolane, as well as a high methanol/oil molar ratio (27:1), was used to achieve and maintain a monophasic system throughout the reactions. Second order rate constants were determined in terms of the concentrations of the mechanistic reactants, which were the glycerides and methoxide ions (and not methanol). Doubling the methoxide concentration increased the reaction rate twofold. At 23 °C the rate constants for the conversion of triglycerides to diglycerides, diglycerides to monoglycerides, and monoglycerides to glycerol were 6.3, 15.3 and 13.0 L mol −1 min −1 , respectively. These increased to 54.2, 136 and 139 L mol −1 min −1 at 50°C. These latter values (adjusted to 60 °C) were 65, 770 and 190 times larger, respectively, than values cited previously (and adjusted to the methoxide basis) for a transmethylation of Pongamia oil, which was also claimed to be homogeneous. Activation energies for all three steps were the same (63 kJ mol −1 ). Pre‐exponential factors showed that in diglycerides and triglycerides the second and third ester chains sterically hindered the attack of methoxide ions on the ester carbonyl groups.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".