Dynamic changes in the receptive fields of L1-type horizontal cells in the retina of the turtle <i>Mauremys caspica</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The resistances of the horizontal cell syncytium in the vertebrate retina are modulated in a time-dependent fashion during light stimulation. Therefore, the spatial properties of horizontal cells are expected to change with time after the illumination conditions are altered. This study was designed to investigate time- and intensity-dependent changes in the receptive-field properties of L1-type horizontal cells in the turtle Mauremys caspica. Photoresponses were elicited by monochromatic (650 nm) light stimuli of 2-s duration covering retinal spots of different radii. The length constants were derived from the relationships between amplitude and spot radius that were constructed for different time intervals after onset of the light stimulus. For a given stimulus intensity, the length constant transiently increased to a peak value and then slowly recovered to a plateau level. When the length constant was compared to the amplitude of the response to full-field illumination for the entire duration of the light stimulus, an ellipse-like curve was obtained indicating that for a given membrane potential, two different values of the length constant could be obtained. Dopamine considerably reduced the size of the receptive fields but did not affect the time-dependent changes in the length constant. These results indicate that changes in the membrane resistance underlie short-term modulation of the receptive-field properties of turtle L1-type horizontal cells after onset of a light stimulus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".