Ultrasound image measurements of erector spinae muscle thickness at four spinal levels in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: reliability and concave-convex comparison
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Methods Nine patients with AIS (8 females) with a single thoracic curve, aged 13.5±1.8 years old, with mean Cobb angles of 39.4±9.1o, under observation or undergoing brace treatment were included. In a prone position, three ultrasound images of erector thickness were obtained on each side at L3, the upper end vertebra, lower-end vertebra and the apex of the curve in random order. A 5cm curvilinear probe was used to capture images of the erectors parasagittally over the facets. Thickness was measured using ImageJ as the distance from the facet to the first fascia line by an examiner blinded to image location and measurements. Reliability was estimated using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC2,1 and 2,2) and standard error of measurement (SEM). Differences between sides were determined using paired t-tests at each level.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".