Kinetic Studies of Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane over Ni−Co/Al−Mg−O Bimetallic Catalyst
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The kinetics of CO 2 reforming with CH 4 over a Ni−Co/Al−Mg−O bimetallic catalyst was investigated in a fixed bed reactor at a temperature range of 650−750 °C and the partial pressures of CO 2 and CH 4 ranging from 30 to 190 kPa. Owing to the simultaneous occurrence of the CO 2 reforming reaction and the reverse water−gas shift reaction (RWGS) in the system, the apparent activation energies with respect to reactant consumption and product formation were found different and they are 69.4 and 25.9 kJ/mol for CH 4 and CO 2 consumption and 85.1 and 61.8 kJ/mol for H 2 and CO formation, respectively. It was also found that the reforming rate in terms of CH 4 consumption was less sensitive to CO 2 partial pressures but had stronger dependence on CH 4 partial pressures. At a constant CH 4 partial pressure, the increase in CO 2 partial pressure did not cause significant change in the reforming rate, whereas at a constant CO 2 partial pressure the reforming rate increased with the increase in CH 4 partial pressure. The increase in extra CO 2 at a constant CH 4 pressure led to decreases in hydrogen (H 2 ) formation but increase in carbon monoxide (CO) formation due to the simultaneous occurrence of the reverse water-gas shift reaction. A Langmuir−Hinshelwood (L–H) model was also developed assuming that the dissociation of CH 4 and the reaction between the carbon species and the activated carbon dioxide are the rate determining steps over the Ni–Co/Al–Mg–O. It satisfactorily fits the experimental data as well.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it