Kinetic Studies of Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane over Ni−Co/Al−Mg−O Bimetallic Catalyst
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The kinetics of CO 2 reforming with CH 4 over a Ni−Co/Al−Mg−O bimetallic catalyst was investigated in a fixed bed reactor at a temperature range of 650−750 °C and the partial pressures of CO 2 and CH 4 ranging from 30 to 190 kPa. Owing to the simultaneous occurrence of the CO 2 reforming reaction and the reverse water−gas shift reaction (RWGS) in the system, the apparent activation energies with respect to reactant consumption and product formation were found different and they are 69.4 and 25.9 kJ/mol for CH 4 and CO 2 consumption and 85.1 and 61.8 kJ/mol for H 2 and CO formation, respectively. It was also found that the reforming rate in terms of CH 4 consumption was less sensitive to CO 2 partial pressures but had stronger dependence on CH 4 partial pressures. At a constant CH 4 partial pressure, the increase in CO 2 partial pressure did not cause significant change in the reforming rate, whereas at a constant CO 2 partial pressure the reforming rate increased with the increase in CH 4 partial pressure. The increase in extra CO 2 at a constant CH 4 pressure led to decreases in hydrogen (H 2 ) formation but increase in carbon monoxide (CO) formation due to the simultaneous occurrence of the reverse water-gas shift reaction. A Langmuir−Hinshelwood (L–H) model was also developed assuming that the dissociation of CH 4 and the reaction between the carbon species and the activated carbon dioxide are the rate determining steps over the Ni–Co/Al–Mg–O. It satisfactorily fits the experimental data as well.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".