Panmixia in Alaskan populations of the snow crab Chionoecetes opilio (Malacostraca: Decapoda) in the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Decreasing sea ice in the Arctic is expected to impact marine ecosystems, and to lead to increased human activity in the form of shipping traffic, fishing pressure, and mineral resource exploration and extraction. In the face of these pressures, we examine genetic population structure in the snow crab Chionoecetes opilio (Fabricius, 1788), throughout its distribution in Alaskan waters, to determine degrees of population connectivity between the Arctic and more southerly portions of the species’ range. Snow crabs are widely distributed on the high-latitude continental shelves of North America, where they support a valuable commercial fishery in the United States and Canada. Fishing pressure in United States waters is currently concentrated in the Bering Sea, but large populations of snow crab also occur farther north in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. These northern stocks are not well studied, and not yet targeted by fisheries, although commercial-sized individuals were recently reported in areas of the Western Beaufort Sea. We used seven polymorphic microsatellite markers to examine tissue samples from 573 individual crabs collected at 12 sampling locations distributed across the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas. These data indicate that Alaskan snow crabs constitute one large, panmictic population. Connectivity between fishery areas in the south and unexploited regions farther north thus appears to be substantial, perhaps due to a lengthy larval dispersal period and highly mobile adult population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".