Increased Risk of Myocardial Infarction Associated With Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism Is Age Dependent
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene is a candidate genetic locus for coronary artery disease (CAD). Studies investigating the relationship between the ACE-insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism and myocardial infarction (MI) have been inconsistent. The authors hypothesized that age may be an important modulating factor in this relationship. ACE-I/D allele and genotype distribution was determined in 3 groups: 104 men with a first MI at a young age (≤45 years old), 271 healthy young men (≤30 years old), and 28 healthy elderly men (>65 years old). All participants were French descendants from Quebec City, Canada. Frequency distribution of the ACE alleles and genotypes was similar among the healthy young, the healthy elderly, and the MI patients (P > .05). However, when considering the age at the time of the MI (≤40, ≤35, or ≤30 years old), a significant age-dependent effect with the prevalence of the ACE-DD genotype was found, as it increased by 22%, 61%, and 157%, respectively, compared with the healthy young group (P < .05). Similar observations were obtained versus the healthy elderly men (P < .05). The ACE-I/D polymorphism seems to be a genetic risk factor for MI in young men and becomes an important modulator of MI risk at a young age.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".