Increased Risk of Myocardial Infarction Associated With Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism Is Age Dependent
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene is a candidate genetic locus for coronary artery disease (CAD). Studies investigating the relationship between the ACE-insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism and myocardial infarction (MI) have been inconsistent. The authors hypothesized that age may be an important modulating factor in this relationship. ACE-I/D allele and genotype distribution was determined in 3 groups: 104 men with a first MI at a young age (≤45 years old), 271 healthy young men (≤30 years old), and 28 healthy elderly men (>65 years old). All participants were French descendants from Quebec City, Canada. Frequency distribution of the ACE alleles and genotypes was similar among the healthy young, the healthy elderly, and the MI patients (P > .05). However, when considering the age at the time of the MI (≤40, ≤35, or ≤30 years old), a significant age-dependent effect with the prevalence of the ACE-DD genotype was found, as it increased by 22%, 61%, and 157%, respectively, compared with the healthy young group (P < .05). Similar observations were obtained versus the healthy elderly men (P < .05). The ACE-I/D polymorphism seems to be a genetic risk factor for MI in young men and becomes an important modulator of MI risk at a young age.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".