Presence of double-stranded RNA and virus-like particles in <i>Rhizopus</i> isolates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fungal isolates belonging to four Rhizopus species were screened for the presence of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules. Five (two R. stolonifer, two R. microsporus, and one R. oryzae) of the 27 isolates examined harboured such genetic elements. Electrophoresis of the nucleic acids revealed five RNA patterns, with 1-5 discrete dsRNA bands. The molecular sizes corresponding to these bands were 2.2-14.8 kb. Gel electrophoresis of purified virus-like particles (VLPs) indicated only one capsid of similar size in all virus-harbouring strains; when investigated by electron microscopy, they were found to be polyhedral VLPs 40 nm in diameter. In one of the R. microsporus isolates an uncapsidated large dsRNA segment (14.8 kb) was observed. No phenotypic differences were observed between uninfected and virus-harbouring Rhizopus isolates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".