Reduction of the Photopic Negative Response (PhNR) in Children with childhood epilepsy on vigabatrin therapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: The antiepileptic drug vigabatrin (VGB) may cause retinal toxicity. The photopic negative response (PhNR) is a negative-going wave that occurs following the b-wave of an electroretinogram (ERG) and is consistent with an origin in ganglion cells. Our purpose was to investigate the PhNR in children with Infantile Spasms (IS) (a childhood epilepsy) on VGB therapy. Methods: Thirty children with IS (age range 3–14 months) were tested before VGB administration (baseline) and every three months for a 10 month duration. Photopic ERGs were recorded to brief white Ganzfeld flashes delivered on a white background. The amplitude of the PhNR before and after VGB was compared. The PhNR amplitude was measured from the baseline to the negative trough between the cone-b wave and subsequent positivity. Results: The mean PhNR amplitude in children with IS was reduced with initiation of VGB (p=0.02). The reduction was more significant than that of other ERGs. Conclusion: The PhNR is reduced in children with IS taking VGB suggesting reduction in inner retina layer function. Future research will confirm whether the PhNR acts as an early ganglion cell marker of VGB-induced retinal toxicity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".