Kinetic study of copper cementation onto zinc using a rotating packed bed cylindrical reactor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Kinetics of copper cementation onto zinc Raschig rings in a rotating packed bed cylindrical reactors have been studied. The effect of initial concentration of copper ions, packed cylinder rotation speed and diameter of zinc Raschig rings on the rate of cementation has been investigated. The influence of zinc packing geometry (Raschig rings and cylinders), the presence of surfactant (Triton X‐100) and sand particles in the solution were also studied. The rate of cementation was found to increase with increasing cylinder rotation speed raised to a power of 0.947 and solid to liquid ratio. The rate decreases with increasing the initial copper ions concentration and the diameter of zinc Raschig rings. The rate of cementation was inhibited in solutions containing Triton X‐100. Raschig rings were found to increase the rate of cementation more than cylinders. The present reactor proved to be more efficient than the traditional solid rotating cylinder reactor for cementation reactions in view of its high area per unit volume and its high rate of mass transfer. The present data can be correlated in terms of the mass transfer coefficient of cementation by the equation: $Sh = 0.0005\quad {\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} {}^{0.947} \quad Sc^{0.33} $ . For the conditions 13900 < Re < 70500, 2056 < Sc < 2202. Nous avons étudié la cinétique de la cémentation du cuivre sur les anneaux de Raschig en zinc dans un réacteur cylindrique à lit de garnissage rotatif. Nous avons également examiné les effets des concentrations initiales d'ions cuivre, de la vitesse de rotation du cylindre à garnissage et du diamètre des anneaux de Raschig en zinc sur le taux de cémentation. L'influence de la géométrie du garnissage en zinc (anneaux de Raschig et cylindres) ainsi que la présence de surfactant (Triton X‐100) et de particules de sable dans la solution ont également été étudiées. Il a été démontré que le taux de cémentation augmente lorsque la vitesse de rotation du cylindre augmente jusqu'à une puissance de 0,947 et un rapport solide/liquide. Le taux diminue lorsque l'on augmente la concentration initiale d'ions cuivre ainsi que le diamètre des anneaux de Raschig en zinc. Le taux de cémentation a été inhibé dans des solutions contenant du Triton X‐100. Selon les résultats, les anneaux de Raschig augmentent plus le taux de cémentation que les cylindres. Le présent réacteur a été plus efficace que les réacteurs traditionnels à cylindres rotatifs solides en matière de réactions de cémentation. Cette efficacité accrue est due à la plus grande surface par unité de volume et son taux élevé de transfert de masse. Les présentes données peuvent être corrélées en matière de coefficient de transfert de masse de cémentation par l'équation: $Sh = 0.0005\quad {\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} {}^{0.947} \quad Sc^{0.33} $ . Pour les conditions suivantes: 13900 < Re < 70500, 2056 < Sc < 2202. © 2010 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".