Risk of malignancy in Filipinos with thyroid nodules—A matched pair analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ethnicity is an infrequently cited risk factor for thyroid cancer. This study aims to determine whether patients of Filipino origin assessed at a tertiary referral center are at increased risk of thyroid cancer and to quantify that risk. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of 72 Filipino patients with thyroid nodules undergoing thyroidectomy individually matched to 72 controls according to demographics, risk factors, and pre-referral investigations. RESULTS: Thyroid cancer was found in 50 (69.4%) Filipino patients compared with 28 (38.9%) controls. Odds ratio for malignancy in Filipinos was 3.57 (95% confidence interval, 1.79-7.12). Pathologic characteristics of thyroid cancer were not significantly different in the two groups. The median follow-up for Filipino patients was 14.1 months (range, 1.4 months-19.7 years). Recurrence occurred in four Filipino patients, and one patient with anaplastic thyroid cancer died of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Filipino patients with thyroid nodules are at significantly increased risk of thyroid cancer compared with matched controls, and hence the index of suspicion for malignancy should be high when evaluating these patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".