A thermal study on the structural changes of bimetallic ZrO<sub>2</sub>-modified TiO<sub>2</sub>nanotubes synthesized using supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study the thermal behavior of bimetallic ZrO(2)-TiO(2) (10/90 mol/mol) nanotubes are discussed which were synthesized via a sol-gel process in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)). The effects of calcination temperature on the morphology, phase structure, mean crystallite size, specific surface area and pore volume of the nanotubes were investigated by using a variety of physiochemical techniques. We report that SEM and TEM images showed that the nanotubular structure was preserved at up to 800 degrees C calcination temperature. When exposed to higher temperatures (900-1000 degrees C) the ZrO(2)-TiO(2) tubes deformed and the crystallites fused together, forming larger crystallites, and a bimetallic ZrTiO(4) species was detected. These results were further examined using TGA, FTIR, XRD and HRTEM analysis. The BET textural properties demonstrated that the presence of a small amount of Zr in the TiO(2) matrix inhibited the grain growth, stabilized the anatase phase and increased the thermal stability.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it