Coupled thermopiezoelectric behaviour of a one-dimensional functionally graded piezoelectric medium based on C–T theory
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this article, the transient thermopiezoelectric behaviour of a one-dimensional (1D) functionally graded piezoelectric medium subjected to a moving heat source is investigated. The formulation is given based on the Chandrasekhariah and Tzou (C–T) generalized thermoelasticity theory to consider the details of energy transport in the material in comparison with the Lord–Shulman (L–S) generalized theory. All material properties are taken to vary exponentially along the length of the medium except for phase lags, the relaxation time, and the specific heat, which are taken to be constant. The governing partial differential equations are given in the three coupled fields of displacement, temperature, and electric potential based on the C–T theory. Using Laplace transform to eliminate the time dependency of the problem, an analytical method is presented to obtain the coupled fields in the Laplace domain. The solutions are then derived in time domain by employing the fast Laplace inversion technique. Numerical results are shown to display the effects of discontinuities on the temperature and stress distribution, non-homogeneity index and the phase-lag constants of heat flux and temperature gradient on the wave propagation of temperature and stress fields based on the dual-phase-lag model of the C–T. Furthermore, the results are compared between the C–T and L–S thermoelasticity theories. Finally, the results are validated with those reported in the literature.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it