Soil and foliar chemistry associated with potassium deficiency in Pinus radiata
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We required an improved understanding of K deficiency and diagnosis in Pinus radiata D. Don (radiata pine). A rapid growth response to K fertilization (100 kg·ha–1) in the presence of weed control confirmed K deficiency in a 2-year-old stand. Tree growth did not respond to N fertilization, and weed control alone appeared insufficient to maximize tree growth. Temporal patterns in visual symptoms of K deficiency suggested they were worst at the end of a drought, and improved after several months of above-average rainfall that coincided with an increase in soil temperature. Soil chemistry generally responded predictably to fertilization, but K fertilization increased soil solution Ca and Mg concentrations without changing exchangeable concentrations. With weed control, a doubling of stem growth response to K fertilizer was associated with a 270% increase in soil solution K (natural variation amongst control plots), 51% increase in exchangeable K, and 39% increase in foliar K. Relationships between seedling growth and hydroponic concentrations of K were consistent with the incidence of K deficiency in the field; predicting these deficiencies using soil exchangeable concentrations was less clear. This study advances the interpretation of soil and foliar chemistry in relation to K and Mg deficiency in P. radiata.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".