Mechanical Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke With Endovascular Photoacoustic Recanalization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We present the results of endovascular photoacoustic recanalization (EPAR) treatment for acute ischemic stroke from the Safety and Performance Study at 6 centers in Europe and North America. The objectives of mechanical thrombolysis are rapid vessel recanalization and minimal use of chemical thrombolysis. METHODS: This study was a prospective, nonrandomized study. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score were recorded before treatment. The presence of recanalization was assessed by angiography. To measure outcome, follow-up examinations were performed at 24 hours, 7 days, and 30 days after stroke onset. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients (median NIHSS 19) were enrolled. Ten patients had internal carotid artery occlusion, 12 patients had middle cerebral artery occlusion, 11 patients had vertebrobasilar occlusion, and 1 patient had posterior cerebral artery occlusion. The overall recanalization rate was 41.1% (14/34). Complete EPAR treatment was possible in 18 patients (median NIHSS 18), with vessel recanalization in 11 patients (61.1%) after EPAR. The average lasing time was 9.65 minutes. Incomplete EPAR treatment (16/34, median NIHSS 19) was defined as intention to treat with EPAR and that the EPAR microcatheter entered the patient. Additional treatment with intraarterial application of rTPA occurred in 13 patients. An adverse event associated with use of the device occurred in 1 patient. Symptomatic hemorrhages occurred in 2 patients (5.9%). The mortality rate was 38.2%. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the safety and technical feasibility of EPAR. This new technique may provide another treatment option in the therapeutic armamentarium for patients with acute ischemic stroke.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".