Viscous relaxation on early Mars: A study of ancient impact basins
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The improved resolution of recent global models of the gravity field of Mars enables an investigation of the crustal structure of large Martian impact basins. The results reveal that almost all basins between 275–1000 km in diameter show very shallow depths and limited crustal thinning for their size. We also show evidence that Martian basins once had lunar mascon‐like gravity highs. We demonstrate that it is unlikely that surface processes alone are responsible for the current state of Martian basins and propose that viscous relaxation of relief by lower crustal flow was the dominant process in modifying Martian basins early in the planet's history. Viscoelastic modeling suggests that the current surface topography and crustal structure of these basins are consistent with this hypothesis. The heat flows required to produce relaxation (>47–55 mW m −2 ) are in good agreement with previous geophysical constraints on early Martian thermal evolution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".